Research Part 2: References

Although there are many choices in a grocery store, organic foods should be seriously considered over inorganic produced foods because organic farming reduces chemical pollutions, animal pollutants, and preserves our lands and plants species.

References

Araújo, A. S. F. de, Melo, W. J. de..  (2010, November).  Soil microbial biomass in organic farming system.  Biomassa microbiana do solo em sistemas orgânicos.  Ciência Rural, 40(11), 2419-2426.

Balezentiene, L..  (2011).  Alpha-Diversity of Differently Managed Agro-Ecosystems Assessed at a Habitat Scale.  Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,  20(6), 1387-1394.

Broad, R., Cavanagh, J..  (2012).  CAN DANILO ATILANO FEED THE WORLD?   Earth Island Journal, 26(4), 56-60.

Cohen, A. M..  (2010, November/December).  Diet for a Healthier Planet. Futurist, Nov/Dec2010, 44(6), 9-11.

Gomiero, T., Pimentel, D., Paoletti, M. G..  (2011, January-April).  Environmental Impact of Different Agricultural Management Practices: Conventional vs. Organic Agriculture.  Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30(1/2), 95-124.

Hunter, D., Foster, M., McArthur, J. O., Ojha, R., Petocz, P., Samman, S..  (2011, July).  Evaluation of the Micronutrient Composition of Plant Foods Produced by Organic and Conventional Agricultural Methods.. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 51(6), 571-582.

Jing C., Michel Jr., F. C., Sreevatsan, S., Morrison, M., Zhongtang Y..  (2010, October). Occurrence and Persistence of Erythromycin Resistance Genes ( erm) and Tetracycline Resistance Genes ( tet) in Waste Treatment Systems on Swine Farms. Microbial Ecology, 60(3), 479-486.

Kehinde, T., Samways, M. J.. (2012, January).  Endemic pollinator response to organic vs. conventional farming and landscape context in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot.  Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 146(1), 162-167.

Lavigne, C., Klein, E. K., Mari, J-F., Ber, F. Le, Adamczyk, K., Monod, H., Angevin, F..  (2008, August).  How do genetically modified (GM) crops contribute to background levels of GM pollen in an agricultural landscape?  Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(4), 1104-1113.

Mansour, S. A., Belal, M. H., Abou-Arab, A. A. K., Ashour, H. M., Gad, M. F.. (2009, March).  Evaluation of some pollutant levels in conventionally and organically farmed potato tubers and their risks to human health. Food & Chemical Toxicology, 47(3), 615-624.

Molinero, J., Burke, R. A..  (2009, November).  Effects of land use on dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry in piedmont headwater streams of the Southeastern United States.   Hydrobiologia, 635(1), 289-308.

Santos, V. B., Araújo, A. S.F., Leite, L. F.C., Nunes, L. A.P.L., Melo, W. J..  (2012, January).  Soil microbial biomass and organic matter fractions during transition from conventional to organic farming systems.  Geoderma, 170, 227-231.

Shrivastava, G., Rogers, M., Wszelaki, A., Panthee, D. R., Feng C..  (2010, April/March). Plant Volatiles-based Insect Pest Management in Organic Farming. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 29(2), 123-133.

Verheul, J..  (2011). Methane as a Greenhouse Gas: Why the EPA Should Regulate Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations Under the Clean Air Act.   Natural Resources Journal, 51(1), 163-187.

Zaccone, C., Di Caterina, R., Rotunno, T., Quinto, M..  (2010, April). Soil – farming system – food – health: Effect of conventional and organic fertilizers on heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) content in semolina samples. Soil & Tillage Research, 107(2), 97-105.

Research Project Part 2

Thesis: Although hydroelectric dams are believed to provide a relatively clean source of electricity they are actually very harmful to the environment because they can inhibit the natural spawning runs of salmon, flood natural wetlands and emit large volumes of carbon dioxide and methane.

Biello, David. “The Dam Building Boom: Right Path to Clean Energy?” Yale Environment 360. Feb 23, 2009 <http://e360.yale.edu/feature/the_dam_building_boom_right_path_to_clean_energy/2119/&gt;.

Bosshard, Peter, “China Dams the World” World Policy Institute 26, no 4 (2009) http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=25&hid=14&sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-ba49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=46730738

Carr, J.W. and F.G. Whorisky “Migration of Silver American Eels past a Hydroelectric Dam and Through A Coastal Zone” Fisheries Management and Ecology 15, no 5/6 (2008) 393-400. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=25&hid=14&sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=34883128

Demarty, M and J. Bastien, “GHG Emissions from Hydroelectric Reservoirs in Tropical and Equatorial Regions: Review of 20 Years of CH4 Emission Measurements,” Energy Policy 34, no. 7 (2011): 4197-4206. http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.uaf.edu/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031

Ferguson, John W and others, “Potential Effects of Dams on Migratory Fish in the Mekong River: Lessons from Salmon in the Fraser and Columbia Rivers” Environmental Management 47 (2011) 141-159. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&vid=22&hid=14

Grahm-Rowe, Duncan. “Hydroelectric Power’s Dirty Secret.” New Scientist. Feb 24, 2005 <httrp://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046-hydroelectric-powers-dirty-secret-revealed.html>.

Hvistendahl, Mara. “China’s Three Gorges Dam : An Environmental Catastrophe.” Scientific American. 3 Feb. 2012. 25 Mar. 2008 International Rivers Network. 3 Feb. 2012. < http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=chinas-three-gorges-dam-disaster&gt;

International Rivers Network. 3 Feb. 2012. International Rivers Network. <http://www.internationalrivers.org/files/GlobalResGHGsFAQ.pdf&gt;.

Keefer, M. L. et al. “Prespawn Mortality in Adult Spring Chinook Salmon Out Planted above Barrier Dams” The Ecology of Freshwater Fish 19 (2010) 361-372. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&vid=22&hid=14

Lopez-Pujol, Jordi and Ming-Xun Ren, “Biodiversity and the Three Gorges Reservoir: A Troubled Marriage” Journal of Natural History 43, no 43-44 (2009) 2765-2786. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&vid=20&hid=110

Marriot, Joe and others, “Impact of Power Generation Mix on Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Footprint Greenhouse Gas Results,” Journal of Industrial Ecology 14, no 6 (2010) 917-928. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&vid=18&hid=110

Mourad, Ben Amor, and others, “Electricity Trade and GHG Emissions: Assessment of Quebec’s Hydropower in the Northeastern American Market (2006-2008),” Energy Policy 39, no 3 (2011) 1711-1721. http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.uaf.edu/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.01.001

Roland, Fabio and others, “Variability of Carbon Dioxide Flux from Tropical (Cerrado) Hydroelectric Reservoirs,” Aquatic Sciences 72 (2010) 283-293. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&vid=19&hid=110

Sovacool, Benjamin K. and L. C. Bulan “Behind an Ambitious Megaproject in Asia: The History and Implications of the Bukan Hydroelectric Dam in Borneo,” Energy Policy 39, no 9 (2011) 4842-4859. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&vid=26&hid=14

Welch, David W. and others, “Survival of Migrating Salmon Smolts in Large Rivers With and Without Dams” PloS Biology 6, no 10 (2008) 2101-2108. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c23df883-04cf-428f-be65-8a49a40e683b%40sessionmgr15&vid=22&hid=14

Reference List for Research Project

The Reality of Until Death Do Us Part

Thesis:  Although cemeteries are pleasant final resting places for loved ones, Americans must consider the harmful effects of cemeteries because of chemicals used during embalming, selected coffins, and the landscaping care of the cemeteries.

 

Hauptmann et al., 2003 M. Hauptmann, J.H. Lubin, P.A. Stewart, R.B. Hayes and A. Blair, Mortality from lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers in formaldehyde industries. J Natl Cancer Inst,  95  (2003), pp. 1615–1623

 

Kim et al., 2002 W.J. Kim, N. Terada, T. Nomura, R. Takahashi, S.D. Lee and J.H. Park, et al. Effect of formaldehyde on the expression of adhesion molecules in nasal microvascular endothelial cells: the role of formaldehyde in the pathogenesis of sick building syndrome. Clin Exp Allergy,  32  (2002), pp. 287–295.

 

Ozen et al., 2005 O.A. Ozen, N. Akpolat, A. Songur, I. Kus, I. Zararsiz and V.H. Ozacmak, et al. Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rat testes: an immunohistochemical study. Toxicol Ind Health,  21  (2005), pp. 249–254

 

Biodegradation of melamine formaldehyde by Micrococcus sp. strain MF-1 isolated from aminoplastic wastewater effluent  Original Research Article  International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Volume 57, Issue 2, March 2006, Pages 75-81  Wael S. El-Sayed, Ashraf F. El-Baz, A.M. Othman

 

BURIAL REFORM AND PATENT COFFINS.  The Lancet, Volume 139, Issue 3578, 26 March 1892, Page 710

 

Characterisation of archaeological wood: A case study on the deterioration of a coffin  Original Research Article; Microchemical Journal, Volume 92, Issue 2, July 2009, Pages 150-154  Claudia Crestini, Nesrin M.N. El Hadidi, Giuseppe Palleschi

 

Environmental and legislative aspects concerning existing and new cemetery planning  Original Research Article; Microchemical Journal, Volume 67, Issues 1-3, December 2000, Pages 141-145  Santarsiero, D. Cutilli, G. Cappiello, L. Minelli 

 

Pesticides and their degradation products: Characteristics, usage and environmental behaviour  Original Research Article;  Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 19, 1997, Pages 1-94

Green burials; revised: 9/17/08; www.greenburials.org

 

www.greenfunerals.org/

 

http://osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/formaldehyde-factsheet.pdf

 

Old Cemeteries, Arsenic, and Health Safety; John L. Konefes and Michael K. McGee; http://waterindustry.org/arsenic-3.htm

Reference List for Research Paper

My working thesis:

Although people are becoming more aware of humankind’s impact on the earth and its ecosystems, human activity is still rapidly causing severe damage to the world’s oceans because of unsustainable fishing, bycatch, and pollution.

References:

Brock, D. J., & Ward, T. M. (2004). Maori octopus (octopus maorum) bycatch and southern rock lobster (jasus edwardsii) mortality in the south australian rock lobster fishery. Fishery Bulletin, 102(3), 430-430-440. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/17750179?accountid=14470

Dawson, S. M., & Slooten, E. (2005). Management of gillnet bycatch of cetaceans in new zealand. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, 7(1), 59-59-64. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/19729758?accountid=14470

Dotinga, H. M., & Elferink, A. (2000). Acoustic pollution in the oceans: The search for legal standards. Ocean Development & International Law, 31(1-2), 151-151-182. doi:10.1080/009083200276102

Grafton, R. Q., Arnason, R., Bjoerndal, T., Campbell, D., Campbell, H. F., Clark, C. W., . . . . (2006). Incentive-based approaches to sustainable fisheries. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63(3), 699-699-710. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/17480458?accountid=14470

Haltuch, M. A., Punt, A. E., & Dorn, M. W. (2009). Evaluating the estimation of fishery management reference points in a variable environment. Fisheries Research (Amsterdam), 100(1), 42-42-56. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2009.03.001

Huang, B., Stone, P. H., Sokolov, A. P., & Kamenkovich, I. V. (2003). The deep-ocean heat uptake in transient climate change. Journal of Climate, 16(9), 1352-1352-1363. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)16<1352:TDHUIT>2.0.CO;2

Majluf, P., Babcock, E. A., Riveros, J. C., Schreiber, M. A., & Alderete, W. (2002). Catch and bycatch of sea birds and marine mammals in the small-scale fishery of punta san juan, peru. Conservation Biology, 16(5), 1333-1333-1343. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00564.x

Meltzer, E. (1994). Global overview of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks: The nonsustainable nature of high seas fisheries. Ocean Development & International Law, 25(3), 255-255-344. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/16983230?accountid=14470

Nada, M., & Casale, P. (2011). Sea turtle bycatch and consumption in egypt threatens mediterranean turtle populations. Oryx, 45(1), 143-143-149. doi:10.1017/S0030605310001286

Ovetz, R. (2007). The bottom line: An investigation of the economic, cultural and social costs of high seas industrial longline fishing in the pacific and the benefits of conservation. Marine Policy, 31(2), 217-217-228. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2006.09.002

Palma, M. A. (2008). Addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in the philippines American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Ste. 110 Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA, [URL:http://afs.allenpress.com]. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/19309998?accountid=14470

Poulsen, B., Holm, P., & MacKenzie, B. R. (2007). A long-term (1667-1860) perspective on impacts of fishing and environmental variability on fisheries for herring, eel, and whitefish in the limfjord, denmark. Fisheries Research (Amsterdam), 87(2-3), 181-181-195. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2007.07.014

Sainsbury, K. J., Smith, T. D., & Hobday, A. (2008). How can we manage aquatic ecosystems to reconcile fisheries with conservation? American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Ln. Ste. 110 Bethesda MD 20814-2199 USA, [URL:http://afs.allenpress.com]. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/19314753?accountid=14470

Sala, E., Aburto-Oropeza, O., Reza, M., Paredes, G., & Lopez-Lemus, L. (2004). Fishing down coastal food webs in the gulf of california. Fisheries, 29(3), 19-19-25. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/17860787?accountid=14470

Sala, E., Ballesteros, E., & Starr, R. M. (2001). Rapid decline of nassau grouper spawning aggregations in belize: Fishery management and conservation needs. Fisheries, 26(10), 23-23-29. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/18600206?accountid=14470

Spotila, J. R., Reina, R. D., Steyermark, A. C., Plotkin, P. T., & Paladino, F. V. (2000). Pacific leatherback turtles face extinction. Nature, 405(6786), 529-529-530. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/17599524?accountid=14470

Stergiou, K. I., Moutopoulos, D. K., Casal, H. J. A., & Erzini, K. (2007). Trophic signatures of small-scale fishing gears: Implications for conservation and management. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 333, 117-117-128. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/19590756?accountid=14470

Walsh, J. P. (1981). U.S. policy on marine pollution: Changes ahead. Oceanus, 24(1), 18-18-24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/15396535?accountid=14470

Zhou, S., & Griffiths, S. P. (2008). Sustainability assessment for fishing effects (SAFE): A new quantitative ecological risk assessment method and its application to elasmobranch bycatch in an australian trawl fishery. Fisheries Research (Amsterdam), 91(1), 56-56-68. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2007.11.007

Zhou, S., Griffiths, S. P., & Miller, M. (2009). Sustainability assessment for fishing effects (SAFE) on highly diverse and data-limited fish bycatch in a tropical prawn trawl fishery. Marine & Freshwater Research, 60(6), 563-563-570. doi:10.1071/MF08207

 

 

Research Project Pt. 2 Thesis and Works Cited

Michael McNulty

Research Project Pt. 2

10/2/11

 

 

 

To have not heard a word of the Pebble Mine, you must have incredibly selective hearing. This controversial mine is the subject of much debate in Alaska’s current political and public circles. I plan to write my essay on the mine and why it should be stopped as soon as the Alaskan public can make it happen.

 

http://www.pebblepartnership.com/

http://www.renewableresourcescoalition.org/ 

These two above are the two main sites for the issue.

 http://www.pebbleminealaska.com/

http://www.stoppebblemine.org/

http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/view/mineweb/en/page72068?oid=133760&sn=Detail

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble_Mine

http://www.aktrekking.com/pebble/links.html

 

Part # 2: Reference List & Working Thesis

Although they are not at high risk, environmental problems and humans put polar bears on the endangered species list because of global warming, pollution, and hunting.

References

Amstrup, S.C., Bailey, D.A., Bitz, C.M., DeWeaver, E.T., Douglas, D.C., Durner, G.M., & Marcot, B.G.  (2010).  Greenhouse Gas Mitigation can Reduce Sea-Ice Loss and Increase Polar Bear Persistence.  Nature, 468(7326), 955.  doi:0.1038/nature09653

Amstrup, S.C., Douglas, D.C., & Fischbach, A.S.  (2007).  Landward and Eastward Shift of Alaskan Polar Bear Denning Associated with Recent Sea Ice Changes.  Polar Biology, 30(11), 1395.  doi:10.1007/s00300-007-0300-4

Amstrup, S.C., Perham, C., Smith, T.S., Stirling, I., & Thiemann, G.W.  (2006).  Recent Observations of Intraspecific Predation and Cannibalism among Polar Bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea.  Polar Biology, 29(11), 997.  doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0142-5

Courtland, R.  (2008).  Polar Bear Numbers Set to Fall.  Nature, 453(7194), 432.  doi:10.1038/453432a

Cardona-Marek, T., Knott, K.K., Meyer, B.E., & O’Hara, T.  (2009).  Mercury Concentrations in Southern Beaufort Sea Polar Bears, Variation Based on Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen.  Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(7), 1416-1424.  doi:10.1897/08-557.1

Deroacher, A.E.  (2010).  Climate Change: The Prospects for Polar Bears.  Nature,  468(7326), 905.  doi:10.1038/468905a

Evans, T.J., Gleason, J.S., Miller, S., Proffitt, K., Rode, K.D., Schliebe, S., & Wilder, J.  (2008).  Effects of Sea Ice Extent and Food Availability on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Polar Bears during the Fall Open Water Period in the Southern Beaufort Sea.  Polar Biology, 31(8), 999.  doi:10.1007/s00300-008-0439-7

Monnett, C. & Gleason, J.S.  (2006).  Observations of Mortality associated with Extended Open-Water Swimming by Polar Bear in the Alaska Beaufort Sea.  Polar Biology, 29(8), 681-687.  doi:10.1007/s00300-005-0105-2

Morrison, J.  (2004, February 1).  The Incredible Shrinking Polar Bears. Retrieved from http://www.nwf.org/News-and-Magazines/National-Wildlife/Animals/Archives/2004/The-Incredible-Shrinking-Polar-Bears.aspx

Roach, J.  (2007, September).  Most Polar Bears Gone By 2050, Studies Say.  NationalGeographic News. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/

Rosing-Asvid, A.  (2006).  The Influence of Climate Variability on Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) and Ringed Seal (Pusa Hispida) Population Dynamics.  Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84(3), 357.  doi:10.1139/Z06-001

Sonne, C. (2010).  Health Effects from Long Range Transported Contaminants in the Arctic TOp Predators: An Integrated Review based on Studies of Polar Bears and Relevant Species.  Environmental International, 36(5), 461.  doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.03.002

Taylor, J.  (2009, March).  Bag a polar bear for $35,000: The New threat to the Species.  The Independent. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/

World Wildlife Fund.  (n.d.).  Oil Activity in the North. Retreived from http://www.ngo.grida.no/wwfap/polarbears/risk/oil.html

World Wildlife Fund.  (n.d.).  Threats to Polar Bears. Retrieved from http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/finder/polarbear/threats.html

Yardley, W.  (2010, May).  Recovery Still Incomplete After Valdez Spill.  The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

References – Research Paper

References:

Bangalore, S., Parkar, S., & Messerli, F. (2007). “One” Cup of Coffee and Nuclear SPECT to Go. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49(4), 528. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.044.Betts, K. (2008). Styrofoam: from packaging to picture frames and beyond. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(14), 5041. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

Carbonrally.com. (2007) De-cup Your Decaf.
Retrieved from http://www.carbonrally.com/challenges/12-Paper-Coffee-Cups

DE LA CRUZ, F., & BARLAZ, M. (2010). Estimation of Waste Component-Specific Landfill Decay Rates Using Lahoratory-Scale Decomposition Data. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(12), 4722-4728. doi:10.1021/es100240r.

Dunn, N. Wisebread.com. (2008) The Coffee Cup Revolution: Let’s Take a Stand.
Retrieved from http://www.wisebread.com/the-coffee-cup-revolution-lets-take-a-stand

Figueroa, V., Mackie, K., Guarriello, N., Cooper, D. (2009) A Robust Method for Estimating Landfill Methane Emissions. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59:925-935. DOI:10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.925

Garg, A., Achari, G., & Joshi, R. (2007). Application of Fuzzy Logic to Estimate Flow of Methane for Energy Generation at a Sanitary Landfill. Journal of Energy Engineering, 133(4), 212-223. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(2007)133:4(212).

Garrido, N., & Avarez Del Castilo, M. (2007) Environmental Evaluation of Single-Use and Reusable Cups.                 International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 12(4), 252­-256. Doi:1065/lca2007.05.334.

Hakkinen, T., Vares, S. (2010) Environmental Impacts of Disposable Cups with Special Focus on the Effect of Material Choices and End of Life. Journal of Cleaner Production, 0959-6526. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.05.005

Rome, N. (2002). Caffeine Nation; Is Coffee Beneficial Or Bad For Americans?                                  Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/11/14/sunday/main529388.shtml

Sovová, K., Ferus, M., Matulková, I., Španěl, P., Dryahina, K., Dvořák, O., et al. (2008). A study of thermal decomposition and combustion products of disposable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic using high resolution fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass.. Molecular Physics, 106(9/10), 1205-1214. doi:10.1080/00268970802077876.

Sustainability is sexy. (2009). The Basic Problems With Coffee Cups.                                                   Retrieved from http://www.sustainabilityissexy.com/facts.html

The Recycle Gal. (2010). Recycle Life LLC. 
Retrieved from http://www.recygal.com/2010/02/28/disposable-cups-recycling-one-drink-at-a-time/

Van Birgelen, M., Semeijn, J., & Keicher, M. (2009). Packaging and Proenvironmental Consumption Behavior: Investigating Purchase and Disposal Decisions for Beverages. Environment & Behavior, 41(1), 125-146. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. (American Psychological Assoc.)

Research Part 2: Reference List

The symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been around as long as recorded history and are often displayed in very early childhood, and especially in school age children.  What is of grave concern is that today all over the United States, children diagnosed with this disorder start their day with a dose of Ritalin or a similar drug.  Although the use of stimulant drugs like Ritalin have proven beneficial for severe cases of ADHD, studies are revealing that a lack of natural green spaces, especially in large metropolitan areas, could contribute to childhood ADHD, because these children have little to no contact with nature, are not allowed the benefits of regular physical exercise, nor simple free play within green, natural settings.

References:

Edmunds, L. (2010). Let’s move.  Parks and Recreation, 45(9), 15-16. Retrieved October 22, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

Fjortoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: the impact of outdoor play activities in pre-primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(2), 111-117.  Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

Faber-Taylor, A., Kuo, F., & Sullivan, W.C. (2001). Coping with add: the surprising connection to green play settings. Environment and Behavior, 33(1), 54-77.

Hayward, P. (2010). Quality and quantity. Parks and Recreation, 45(9), 10-10. Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

Hodgson-Burnett, F. (1993, 1911). The secret garden. Hertfordshire, England: Wordsworth Editions Ltd.

Ingram, M. (2007). Biology and beyond: the science of “back to nature” farming in the united states. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(2), 298-312.  Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

Karlson, I., & Simonsson, M. (2008). Preschool work teams’ view of ways of working with gender-parents’ involvement. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36, 171-177. Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

Keeler, R. (2008). Natural playscapes: creating outdoor play environments for the soul. Redmond, WA: Exchange Press.

Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Company, Inc.

McLennan, D.M.P. (2010). Process or product? the argument for aesthetic exploration in the early years. Early Childhood Education Journal, 38, 81-85. Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

McLennan, D.M.P. (2009). “Ready, set, grow!” nurturing young children through gardening. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37, 329-333. Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

Nabhan, G. Paul, & Trimble, S. (1994). The geography of childhood: why children need wild places. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Panksepp, J. (2007). Can play diminish adhd and facilitate the construction of the social brain?. Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(2), 57-66.  Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

Ridgway, Andrea. (2003). The effects of a recess or break and stimulant medication on the classroom behavior of children with adhd. Dissertation, Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. Retrieved from http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06012004-153913.

Robinson, L.E., & Wadsworth, D.D. (2010). Stepping toward physical activity requirements: integrating pedometers into early childhood settings. Early Childhood Education Journal, 38, 95-102. Retrieved October 21, 2010 from EBSCOhost database.

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Research Part 2: Reference List

There is a large number of people dying every year simply because their water wasn’t sufficient to support them. There is solutions to this problem, but most people in America and other more wealthy countries are unaware of the problem to begin with.  The awareness of the problem and the solutions needs to be raised so that people can start making a difference in the lives of those who suffer from lack of sufficient water. Although most people in America are unaware of the water crisis in other countries like Rwanda, the word needs to be spread about the solution because everyday people are dying from the lack of drinking water, the lack of water to clean themselves with, and from water-related diseases.

 

 

References:

 

Burgan, Michael. (2008). Not a Drop to Drink. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society.

 

Cossi, Olga. (1993). Water Wars: The Fight to Control and Conserve Nature’s Most Precious Resource. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

 

Cotthem, Willem Van. Rwanda: Water Harvesting – Solution to Drought. Disertification. Retrieved October 16, 2010, from http://desertification.wordpress.com/2008/06/19/rwanda-water-harvesting-solution-to-drought-google-allafrica-the-new-times.

 

Frederiksen, Harald D. “Addressing Water Crisis in Developing Countries,” Journal of Environmental Engineering 131, no. 5 (2008): 667-675. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=19&hid=8&sid=ce0820f9-48ab-4799-b196-4768a7381d74%40sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=16783846.

 

Frederiksen, Harald. “The World Water Crisis and International Security,” Middle East Policy 16, no. 4 (2009): 76-89. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=10&sid=13d7b864-620d-4c81-96d3-6ff5a424e700%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=46751366.

 

Hoffman, Allan R. “Water Security: A Growing Crisis and the Link to Energy,” AIP Conference Proceedings 1044, no. 1 (2008): 55-63. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=14&hid=8&sid=ce0820f9-48ab-4799-b196-4768a7381d74%40sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=34428390.

 

Hutchinson, Harry. “Input Output: Water Without Borders,” Mechanical Engineering. 129, no. 2 (2007): 64. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=9&hid=8&sid=ce0820f9-48ab-4799-b196-4768a7381d74%40sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=24829800.

 

Lall, Upmanu, Tanya Heikkila, Casey Brown, and Tobais Siegfried. “Water in the 21^st Century: Defining the Elements of Global Crisis and Potential Solutions,” Journal of International Affairs 61, no. 2 (2008): 1-17. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=10&sid=9b409cfc-28bd-4b3d-a39d-e3f411ef4d22%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=32110389.

 

Lopez-Gunn, and Manuel Ramón Llamas. “Re-thinking Water Scarcity: Can Science and Technology Solve the Global Water Crisis?” Natural Resources Forum 32, no. 3 (2008):228-238. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=10&sid=bef33b3c-9c69-43de-845b-0c88c677c298%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=34137199.

 

Lougheed, Tim. “Clear Solution for Dirty Water,” Environmental Health Perspectives 114, no. 7 (2006): 424-427. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=10&hid=8&sid=ce0820f9-48ab-4799-b196-4768a7381d74%40sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=21722414.

 

Mascarenhas, Michael J. (2010, August). Surveying Rwanda’s Water Supply. New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2010, from http://scientistatwork.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/24/surveying-rwandas-water-supply/.

 

McLeish, Ewan. (1998). Keeping Water Clean. Austin: Steck-Vaughn Publishers.

 

Shiva, Vandana. “From Water Crisis to Water Culture,” Cultural Studies 22, no. 3 (2008): 498-509. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=16&hid=8&sid=ce0820f9-48ab-4799-b196-4768a7381d74%40sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=31937577.

 

Trottier, Julie. “Water Crises: Political Construction or Physical Reality?” Contemporary Politics 14, no. 2 (2008): 197-214. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=12&hid=8&sid=ce0820f9-48ab-4799-b196-4768a7381d74%40sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=32771053.

 

Walbridge, Mark R. “Water Availability, Watershed Management, and the Impending Global Water Crisis,” Agricultural Reseach 57, no. 1 (2009): 2. http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.library.uaf.edu/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=10&sid=1d2a7b82-2c71-4424-851b-610c715b41f6%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=36411753.